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Culture

Bhai Dooj, a Symbol of India's Timeless Family System

[ Originally published in The Wire, October 29th, 2019 ]

It is rather astounding that India is the only country in the world that reserves two special celebrations for siblings to shower their affections on each other. The first being Rakhi or Rakshabandhan while the other is Bhratri Dwitiya which is popularly known as Bhai Dooj in north India.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Bhai Dooj । ভাই দুজ
  • Bhratri Dwitiya । ভ্রাতৃদ্বিতীয়া

[ Read More ]

India’s Many Diwalis: Proof of the Unity that Comes Through Diversity

[ Originally published in The Wire, October 27th, 2019 ]

From Tagore’s beautiful words, ‘Ei Bharater Maha-Manaber Sagar-tirey’ (From the shores of the vast ocean of humanity, India) to Nehru’s ‘Unity in Diversity’, we have excellent poetic expressions and vivid descriptions of the wondrous plurality that personifies India. But we need to delve deeper into the process through which this unity was actually achieved amidst wide diversity and Deepavali or Diwali is a good case study of the process.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Religion । ধর্ম
  • Diwali
  • Dhanteras । ধনতেরস

[ Read More ]

দুর্গা বাঙালি হলেন কী ভাবে

[ Originally published in Ananda Bazar Patrika, September 27th, 2019 ] [ View PDF ]

দুর্গাকে সব বাঙালিই খুব ভালোবাসেন। কিন্তু দুর্গাঠাকুর যে নিজেও মনেপ্রাণে কতখানি বাঙালি, সে বিষয়ে তাঁদের অনেকেই অবহিত নন। চেহারায়, কাজকর্মে এবং লোককাহিনিতে বঙ্গভূমির দুর্গা-মা বাকি দেশের থেকে একেবারে আলাদা। প্রথমত, শরৎকালে ভারতবর্ষের আর কোথাও কখনওই পরিবারের সব্বাইকে নিয়ে তিনি এরকম ঢাকঢোল পিটিয়ে আসেন না। দ্বিতীয়ত, অন্য কোনও প্রদেশে তাঁকে এমন আবেগে ভেসে স্বাগতও জানানো হয় না। এখানে তাঁর এমন কদর যেন তিনি একলা মেনকারই কন্যা নন, সমগ্র জনগোষ্ঠীরই আদরের মেয়েটি। এই হেঁয়ালি বুঝতে হলে, দেবীর দ্বান্দ্বিক চরিত্রের মূল সূত্রটি বোঝা দরকার। জানা দরকার, এক দয়াময়ী জননী কেন নিজের মায়ের কাছে এমন যুদ্ধং দেহি মূর্তিতে এসে দাঁড়ান! কিংবা, মা যখন অসুররাজের সঙ্গে জীবনমরণ যুদ্ধ করছেন, তখন তাঁর প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক ছেলেমেয়েরাই বা কোন আক্কেলে এমন নিরুত্তাপ দৃষ্টিতে অন্য দিকে তাকিয়ে থাকেন!

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Durga Puja । দুর্গা পুজো
  • Religion । ধর্ম

[ Read More ]

[ Read English Version: When Did Durga Become Bengali? ]

When Did Durga Become Bengali?

[ Published September 27th, 2019 ]

All Bengalis here love Durga, but only few realise that Bengal’s Durga is uniquely Bengali and her form, agenda and legend are quite different from the rest of India. First of all, Durga never comes anywhere in autumn with her whole family and secondly, she is not greeted in other regions as the loving daughter of a whole people, not just Menaka’s.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Durga Puja । দুর্গা পুজো
  • Religion । ধর্ম

[ Read More ]

[ Bengali Version published in Ananda Bazar Patrika, September 27th, 2019 ]

First Dr Jahangir Bhabha Memorial Lecture

[ Inaugural Jamshed Bhabha Memorial Lecture
National Centre for the Performing Arts, Mumbai, August 21st, 2019 ]

I thank this prestigious institution, the National Centre for the Performing Arts of Mumbai for giving me this unique honour of delivering the first Jamshed Bhabha Memorial Lecture. Had it not been for the great visionary, this very ground that houses our auditorium and the extraordinary Centre, would still be many feet under the sea. His perseverance and leadership is best exemplified in the amazing reconstruction of his dream theatre, after it was destroyed by fire. I salute both the Bhabha brothers and the Tata family for their interest and munificence — a remarkable quality that distinguishes the Parsee community of India.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • History | ইতিহাস

[ Read More ]

Love All Religions Was Mahatma Gandhi’s Mission

[ Published June 27th, 2019 ]

India, as you know, is a multi ethnic, multi lingual, multi religious country which is vast and populous. Of the 1 billion 300 million people in India today, some 170 million are Muslims, which is the second largest Muslim population in any country of the world. Though Muslims are in a minority, they have lived in peace with Hindus and other religions for centuries.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • History | ইতিহাস
  • Mahatma Gandhi। মহাত্মা গান্ধী

[ Read More ]

The Company’s Policy & the Consolidation of the Bhadralok Castes

[ Published April 25th, 2019 ][ View PDF ]

It may be interesting to recall the story of a teacher whose students were puzzled to find him crawling on his knees under the dim light of a lamppost, looking for something. When his students asked him what he was looking for, he said he had lost the keys to his house somewhere. So the students also went down on their knees and palms and started looking for the keys, but after a futile search, they brushed the dust off their hands and clothes and asked the teacher if he had any idea where he may have dropped the bunch.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি

[ Read More ]

Rammohun as Modern India’s First Public Intellectual

[ Presented at Sadhan Dutta Memorial Lecture, Santiniketan, March 16th, 2019 ][ View PDF ]

Right from the Upanishadic period, India has an age - old culture of questioning existing beliefs, texts, systems and public authorities both the religious and the secular or political . We have briefly mentioned Gautam Buddha in this regard. But the hard fact is that this practice had fallen into utter disuse by the late medieval and early modern periods. This is when Rammohun arrived.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • History | ইতিহাস
  • Rammohun Roy । রামমোহন রায়

[ Read More ]

Maha Shivratri: Bengal has two Shiva Traditions of the potbellied peasant and the King

[ Originally published in Scroll Online, March 4th, 2019 ]

On the occasion of Maha Shivratri millions of Shiva devotees keep a fast all day and pray through the night. The festival, which falls on March 4 this year, is one of the holiest days in the Hindu calendar and the most important among the 12 Shivratris celebrated throughout the year. Some say this was the day when Shiva manifested himself in the form of a linga, and the Puranas mention that Shiva wed Parvati on this day. But why do Hindus celebrate this birthday or even the marriage, which was as tempestuous and interesting as most human marriages?

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Religion । ধর্ম
  • Maha Shivratri । মহা শিবরাত্রি

[ Read More ]

Looking Differently at Indian History : From the Scientific Angle

[ Originally published in Autumn Annual: Presidency Alumni Association, January 20th, 2019 ] [ View PDF ]

The topic which I have chosen to speak today seeks to bridge, to some extent, the ever-increasing gulf between the social sciences and the physical sciences. As academic disciplines improve their coverage and become more organised, more systematic and reach higher levels of understanding of reality in their own different ways, they become more and more exclusive. They begin to speak in languages that arise out of the requirement of their own disciplines without realising that their lexicon is hardly understood by anyone else who is not a part of their limited domain.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • History | ইতিহাস

[ Read More ]

Aroma of Filter Coffee: The Tamils of Kolkata

[ Originally published in Positive Vibes, January 19th, 2019 ]

The moment I read in the papers that the South India Club on Hindustan Park was closing down its famous canteen, I rushed for a last breakfast. But alas, when I reached I found it had already shut down. To make up, I went to the old trustworthy Ramakrishna Lunch Home on Lake Road, so close to where I was born and brought up. I gorged on steaming idlis, crisp vadas dipped in sambhar and a wonderful masala dosa. To me, it was not food — but nostalgia. I grew up on Lake Road that was known as Little Madras.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Kolkata । কলকাতা

[ Read More ]

নতুন বাঙালি

[ Originally published in Ananda Bazar Patrika, December 30th, 2018 ]

একটা জিনিস খেয়াল করে দেখেছেন? আজকাল কোনও কল সেন্টার থেকে আপনাকে ফোন করে কেউ একটা মোবাইল কানেকশন নেওয়ার জন্য যখন ঝোলাঝুলি করেন, সাধারণত প্রায় পুরো সময়টাই তিনি হিন্দিতে কথা বলেন। যিনি ফোন করেছেন তাঁর উচ্চারণ শুনে আপনি বুঝতে পারবেন যে ছেলেটি বা মেয়েটি বাঙালি, তাঁর হিন্দিতে বাংলা টানটাও বেশ টের পাবেন আপনি, কিন্তু কথাবার্তা হিন্দিতেই চলবে। সুইগি বা মিন্ট্রাকে ফোন করার সময়, ব্যাঙ্কে বা বড় বড় মল-এ, অ্যাপ ক্যাব-এর চালকদের সঙ্গে, বস্তুত প্রায় সর্বদা এবং সর্বত্রই আমরা আজকাল হিন্দিতে কথা বলি। হিন্দি বলায় চোস্ত হয়ে উঠতে না পারলে আজকাল খুব মুশকিল।

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি

[ Read More ]

শবরীমালা

[ Originally published in Anandabazar Patrika, October 30th, 2018 ] [ View PDF ]

প্রসঙ্গত, শবরীমালা বা শবরীমালাই হল পাহাড়ের নাম, দেবতার নয়। দেবতা হলেন শাস্তা আয়াপ্পন। নামের দু’টি অংশই তাৎপর্যপূর্ণ। ধর্ম-শাস্তা হল মালয়ালিতে বুদ্ধের একটি নাম— এই ধারণা বহুলপ্রচলিত যে, এখানে আদি দেবতা ছিলেন বৌদ্ধ। এখনও তীর্থযাত্রীরা সারা পথ ‘শরণম্’ বলতে বলতে যান। অন্য নামটি (আয়াপ্পন) এসেছে সুপ্রাচীন দ্রাবিড় ঈশ্বর ‘আই’ থেকে।

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Religion । ধর্ম
  • Sabarimala | শবরীমালা
  • Sastha Ayyappan | শাস্তা আয়াপ্পন

[ Read More ]

Durga Puja – Bengal’s Cultural Magna Carta

[ Originally published in The Wire, October 18th, 2018 ]

During Durga Puja, the indomitable spirit and irrepressible energies of Bengalis literally burst forth, holding normal life to ransom. The spirit of festivity surrounds us as hundreds and thousands of gaily-decorated pandals – those magnificent creations made of bamboo, cloth, plywood and imagination – come up everywhere. They house the mammoth but exquisitely sculpted figures of Durga and her family, and the whole neighbourhood is transformed into a wonderland of lights, animation and music that the organisers conjure.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Durga Puja । দুর্গা পুজো
  • History | ইতিহাস

[ Read More ]

In West Bengal's Power Structure, Politics and Pujas Go Hand-in-Hand

[ Originally published in THe Wire, August 20th, 2018 ]

Ideological issues that drive regional parties are, by now, fairly well-known to those who may otherwise have little interest in either these causes or in the parties. The two DMKs in Tamil Nadu espouse Dravidian interests over ‘upper-caste hegemony’, the Shiv Sena cries for local Maharashtrians, the Asom Gana Parishad agitates for the true Assamese, the Akalis for Sikh interests, Mayawati for the Dalits and so on. But what exactly does the Trinamool Congress (TMC) stand for and how does it grow from strength to strength?

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Politics । রাজনীতি
  • Durga Puja । দুর্গা পুজো

[ Read More ]

বারো মাসে তেরো রাজনীতি

[ Originally published in Ananda Bazar Patrika, August 11th, 2018 ]

সম্প্রতি পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মুখ্যমন্ত্রী একটি সভায় বক্তৃতা দিতে গিয়ে অগণিত দেবদেবীর নাম বলে গেলেন। ব্যাপারটা বিশেষ ভাবে চোখে পড়ল। দুর্গাপুজো আসছে, তাঁর সরকারের মন্ত্রী ও দলের নেতারা উল্টোরথের দিন খুঁটিপুজো নিয়ে দারুণ মেতে উঠলেন, সেটাও চোখে পড়ল। তবে ঘটনা হচ্ছে, বাংলায় এখন পুজো আর উৎসবের শেষ নেই। শীতলা, মনসা, রক্ষাকালী, ধর্মঠাকুর, বড়ঠাকুর এবং আরও অনেক দেবদেবী এ কালে গ্রাম থেকে শহরে অভিবাসী হয়েছেন, অনেকটা বিভূতিভূষণ বা সত্যজিতের অপুর মতো।

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Politics । রাজনীতি
  • Festival & Celebrations | পার্বণ ও উদ্‌যাপন

[ Read More ]

Guru Purnima Has Its Roots in Buddhism and Jainism, Not Hinduism

[ Originally published in The Wire, July 25th, 2018 ]

Though gurus have been an integral part of the ancient Hindu tradition, the celebration of a specific day purnima in their honour in the month of Ashadha has its roots in Buddhism and Jainism. Gurus no doubt got respectful mentions in the Rig Veda (hymn 4.5.6) and in the Upanishads (chapter 4.4 of the Chhandogya) and in chapter 3 of the Taittiriya or in chapter 6 of the Shvetashvatara.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Religion । ধর্ম
  • Guru Purnima । গুরু পূর্ণিমা

[ Read More ]

The Jagannath Rath Yatra Is a Reminder of How Inclusive Hinduism Can Be

[ Originally published in The Wire, July 22nd, 2018 ]

This year, the July 14-22 period has been dedicated to Jagannath and to his annual Ratha Yatra, which has been described somewhat inadequately as the ‘Chariot Festival’. The rites associated with the journey of Jagannath and his two companions from the great temple and their return nine days later has been recalled.

But can we look beyond the trappings and festivities of this annual ritual of the Hindus, and grasp the essence of an eternal Indian tradition of accommodation?

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Religion । ধর্ম
  • Rath Yatra । রথযাত্রা

[ Read More ]

রথযাত্রা

[ Originally published in Anandabazar Patrika, July 13th, 2018 ] [ View PDF ]

হরেকৃষ্ণ মহতাব ১৯৪৮ সালে বলেছিলেন, বৌদ্ধধর্ম থেকেই জগন্নাথ-ভজনার উৎপত্তি। বিস্তর চেঁচামেচি হয়েছিল তা নিয়ে। একই কথা তার আগে ও বলেছিলেন রাজেন্দ্রলাল মিত্র, এবং হান্টার, কানিংহ্যাম বা মনিয়ের-উইলিয়ামস-এর মতো ব্রিটিশ পণ্ডিতরাও। কিন্তু বিপরীত মতের ইতিহাসবিদরা সমান জোরের সঙ্গে বলেছেন, ‘বৌদ্ধধর্ম থেকে এই ধারাটির জন্ম হতে পারে না, পরবর্তী কালে এর উপর বৌদ্ধধর্মের প্রবল প্রভাব পড়েছে।’ ইতিহাসবিদ কেদারনাথ মহাপাত্রের মতে, পুরীর তিন দেবতার উৎস আসলে জৈন ত্রি-রত্ন। আবার গীতার ত্রিগুণা অধ্যায় থেকেও এসেছে জগন্নাথ, বলভদ্র ও সুভদ্রার কল্পনা।

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Religion । ধর্ম
  • Festival & Celebrations | পার্বণ ও উদ্‌যাপন
  • Rathayatra | রথযাত্রা

[ Read More ]

Introduction to 'Where Gods Reside: Kolkata’s Sacred Places', Jael Silliman, 2018

[ Published June 26th, 2018 ]

There are literally hundreds of books on the enchanting city of Kolkata—its history, its music, its streets, its people, its festivals and so on. But it is difficult to find a comprehensive volume on all the important places of worship, even with a lot of effort. Mala Mukherjee and Jael Silliman have filled this gap by bringing in vivid colours all the interesting places of worship of different communities that lend Kolkata its unique vibrancy and zest for life.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • History | ইতিহাস

[ Read More ]

What Exactly is Ramzan?

[ Originally published in National Herald, June 12th, 2018 ]

In India, we are passing through a traumatic period when the very ‘idea of India’ is being challenged by forces that are ignorant of the contribution of different communities to the architecture of Indian existence.

  • Culture | সংস্কৃতি
  • Religion । ধর্ম

[ Read More ]

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